One of the potential options to increase yields, productivity, food security and resilience to climate impacts is agroforestry the integration of trees and shrubs with crops and livestock systems. The contested identity of women farmers in ethiopia1. Research has shown that agroforestry contributes to food security by boosting field crop yields, diversifying income. Together with class, ethnicity, and caste, gender determines to a great extent a persons opportunities, aspirations, standard of. Despite this, womens activities in agriculture are characterized by a global gender gap in rights, resources, power and productivity. However, drought risk remains one of the key drivers of food insecurity in ethiopia. Gender, agriculture, food and nutrition security in. In ethiopia, 80 percent of the population resides in rural areas and women provide the majority of the agriculture labor in these communities. This form of agriculture contributes a large share of the gross national products gnp. It affects the distribution of resources, wealth, work, decisionmaking and political power, and the. The economic aspect of the access to food can be defined as wfp does. We provide training for women farmers and access to information and technology, to help women can achieve signifi. Understand the genderdifferentiated impacts of climate change on agriculture and food security in ethiopia. However, gender inequalities in health have been consistently documented.
Gender inequality is a major cause and effect of hunger and poverty. The contested identity of women farmers in ethiopiagender, agricultural development and food security in amhara, ethiopia. Pif preparation was guided by existing policies and strategies of the government of ethiopia. Food insecurity is associated with a range of poor health outcomes in adolescents, adults, and children. Abstract the national policy on women womens policy formulated in 1993, aimed to create. Gender equality is a must for a world of zero hunger. About 85% of ethiopian population has a subsistence mode of crop and livestock production. Previously, we reported how girls suffered from food insecurity more than boys and how food insecurity was associated with poorer health outcomes in ethiopia. True food security, however, is achieved only if, at the household level, individuals can acquire this food by buying it or producing it. Issues related to food insecurity, youths, and genderedaccess to food are particularly relevant in the contemporary ethiopian context. Identify the gender gaps in the agricultural sector that make women particularly vulnerable to.
This easy is written by considering these theories of development as a basis of analysis corresponding to the empirical data on the situation of gender and development. Given womens crucial roles in and contributions to food security, any efforts to reduce food insecurity worldwide must take into consideration the factors and constraints affecting womens ability to carry out these roles and make these contributions, with a view to removing the constraints and enhancing womens capacities. Women farmers, for example, are an integral part of agroforestry systems they are often responsible for managing trees especially at the early stages of establishment. The international food policy research institutes ifpri mission is to provide researchbased policy solutions to reduce poverty and end hunger and malnutrition in developing countries. Request pdf the gender perspective of household food security in meskan district of the gurage zone, southern ethiopia despite the considerable. This is why the pursuit of gender equality and womens empowerment sustainable development goal 5 is central to fulfilling the world food programme wfps mandate. The document provides an example of what a gender analysis looks like and. The goal of pif was to contribute to ethiopias achievement of middleincome status by 2025. Despite this women have been left out of the formal agriculture extension. Households food security is expected to remain stable from january to september 2019 particularly in the western and central surplusproducing areas of oromia, western parts of snnpr, amhara, gambela, tigray and benishangul gumuz owing in part to the nearaverage october 2018. Climate change exacerbates the gender gap with additional. Womens land use right policy and household food security in ethiopia. Engaging men in gender equality programmes in the democratic republic of the congo 63 box 4. The development objective was to sustainably increase rural incomes and national food security.
Gender dimensions of climate stressors on agricultural production and food and nutritional. Pdf gender, agricultural development and food security. Since 1950, 12 major droughtinduced food security crises have occurred, highlighting the. Gender bias in the food insecurity experience of ethiopian.
This is evident from current experiences of extreme climatic events such as droughts and floods. Womens land use right policy and household food security. Gender, climate change and food security 2 policy brief 4 agriculture is central to the livelihoods of women it is now widely acknowledged that climate change impacts will not be genderneutral. Now in its fourth phase, the psnp has expanded from its traditional emphasis on food and cash transfers for work. In a situation of food security the food is available at the location where people households, etc. Food insecurity, youth, and gender in the ethiopian context. Ethiopia suffers under a high burden of food insecurity and undernutrition. Ethiopia food and agriculture organization of the united nations. To build on these shifts in and opportunities around gender roles, care ethiopia integrated the cares saa methodology. The different roles of men and women in agriculture and food security in africa. It is the result of a collaborative programme involving a diverse range of practitioners, researchers, activists and policy advisors working on gender and food security issues in asia, africa, europe, north america and latin america.
Factors and constraints affecting womens roles in food security. Agriculture is the principal employment sector for 60% of women in subsaharan africa, southern asia, and oceania, and women make up two thirds of the worlds 600 million small livestock managers. Exploring gender perceptions of resource ownership and. Defining food security in terms of availability and access to sufficient food to meet dietary needs for a productive and healthy life, this paper assessed the dimensions of food insecurity and its. The prospectus, challenges and causes of gender disparity. Gender food security food and agriculture organization. National efforts to secure the right to food 71 population, sustainable development and gender equality 76 a. Understand the genderdifferentiated roles in agriculture and food security in ethiopia. Analysing connections between gender and fragility in ethiopia 73 box 4. Gender, agricultural development and food security in. Discussions about causes of food insecurity in ethiopia have always been complex webb et al. Gender profiles are one of the key outcomes of this programme. Understanding such gendered differences is an integral part of ifpris work to illuminate pathways to sustainable and inclusive economic development.
In ethiopia this preliminary gender profile was undertaken with the objectives to. Gender issues in agricultural production have been well documented. It also affects both psychosocial and physical health outcomes and leads to overall poorer health among members of foodinsecure households. Kakota t, nyariki d, mkwambisi d, kogimakau w 2011 gender vulnerability to climate variability and household food insecurity. Gender and climate change 4 gender, agriculture and food. However, womens access to resources and community participation are usually mediated through men, either their fathers or husbands, and their agricultural contributions often go largely unrecognized.
Cutting edge pack on gender and food security, which also includes an in brief. By combining traditional assessment methods with advanced and emerging technologies, wfp is able to identify food insecure populations around the world, and to establish the underlying causes of food insecurity. Rural ethiopians, the majority of whom are women and girls, experience chronic. Gender, agricultural development and food security in amhara, ethiopia. Food security is a dynamic concept, which has continuously integrated new dimensions and levels of analysis over the years. The contested identity of women farmers in ethiopia1 by emily frank usaidethiopia summary while women take an active role in agricultural production and processing and marketing of food products their identity as farmers is highly contested within the agricultural. Household food security and the role of women in africa. Through food security analysis and monitoring, wfp provides actionable food security information for each country in which it works. On going projects fao ethiopia with charge code updated in may. Genderresponsive climatesmart agricultural extension services capacity building on gender sensitive csa approaches in malawi, the ministry of agriculture and food security have included a strong focus on women farmers in its recently adopted national agricultural policy 2016 informed by the findings and with technical inputs. Wherever we work saving lives, changing lives we must.
Gender bias in the food insecurity experience of ethiopian adolescents craig hadleya,1, david lindstromb, fasil tessemac, tefara belachewc aemory university, atlanta, ga, usa bbrown university, usa cjimma university, ethiopia available online 10 october 2007 abstract food insecurity is a pressing public health concern in many developing. It is estimated that 60 per cent of chronically hungry people are women and girls and 20 per cent are children under. The gender perspective of household food security in meskan. Culture of ethiopia history, people, traditions, women. A gender approach to food security can enable shifts in gender power relations and. This document is a condensed version of a full gender analysis of a food security program in ethiopia. Access to food of good nutritional quality at all times should be the primary focus in programming. Gender differences in food insecurity and morbidity among. Gender is a basic determinant of social relations and rights in households and rural communities. While issues surrounding the intersection of gender, food security and agricultural development face the same set of constraints as other development issues in ethiopia, there are a number of common themes that repeatedly emerge in the literature and over the course of interviews regardless of the agricultural region. Women and agriculture in ethiopia linkedin slideshare. It is the social meaning of biological sex differences. Gender and food security ids opendocs institute of.
In ethiopia women do almost half of the labor required for agricultural production. There is ample evidence to suggest a strong correlation between gender inequality and food and nutrition insecurity, yet the policy discourse around food and nutrition security in. Food security is achieved when all people, at all times, have physical and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs and food. We hypothesized that the health consequences of food insecurity are more pronounced in. Ethiopia has made significant progress on food security and nutrition although challenges remain. Food security, gender, tanzania, ethiopia, nicaragua background productive resources such as water, land, livestock, and crops are essential to the livelihoods of most of the worlds rural families, particularly in the global south 1. Ethiopia is a very good country, and was priviledged to have visited addis ababa in 2016 through my work at the african union heads of state summit, enjoy the food njera, tips. Structural constraints and determinants of food security 61 d. Evaluation of ethiopias food security program ifpri. People and konjos were friendly and welcoming, and still planing to visit there again in my personal capacity. Global food security strategy gfss ethiopia country plan. Gender differences in climate change risk, food security, and adaptation.
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